Human health is better now than at any time in history. Thanks to advancements in technology, industry, agriculture and public health, we are living longer and more prosperous lives than ever before. But since the start of the Anthropocene period – the geological epoch marked by humankind’s impact on the planet – unprecedented environmental challenges, such as climate change and biodiversity loss, are threatening our health and the health of our planet. Are we at risk of losing the significant gains we have made in planetary health over the years?