This report draws on discussions at the conference on the “Future of Europe: the Drivers of Change”, which was held at the Oxford Martin School on 27th April, 2016, and was jointly organised by the Oxford Martin School, the programme on the Political Economy of Financial Markets (European Studies Centre, St. Antony’s College, Oxford University), and the Center on Capitalism and Society (Columbia University, New York City). The participants included academics and practitioners from Europe and the U.S.A., as well as from Oxford University itself.