Technology at Work v3.0: Automating e-Commerce from Click to Pick to Door produced by the Oxford Martin School and Citi, provides in-depth analysis of the impact of automation and e-commerce on retail industries worldwide. It looks at the technology needed to automate orders, inventories and deliveries when consumers shop online and examines the implications for industry, retailers, supply chains, and transportation, while also investigating the impact on labour and employment.

The report estimates that 80% of jobs in transportation, warehousing, and logistics are susceptible to automation as a consequence of the trends observed in technology and predicts that retail employment will be the most affected.

It builds on previous research by Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne which found that 47 per cent of US jobs were at risk of automation over the next two decades and is the third in the Technology at Work series.

As well as collaborating on the Citi GPS series of reports, the School has partnered with Citi to create a programme of research, the Oxford Martin Programme on Technology and Employment, to investigate the implications of a rapidly changing technological landscape for economies and societies.